The PHP Content Repository is an adaption of the Java Content Repository (JCR) standard, an open API specification defined in JSR-283.
The API defines how to handle hierarchical semi-structured data in a consistent way.
The typical use case is content management systems. PHPCR combines the best out of document-oriented databases (weak structured data) and of XML databases (hierarchical trees). On top of that, it adds useful features like searching, versioning, access control and locking on top of it.